Diversity of bacteria

diversity of the bacteria can be classified based on cell shape,gram stain and position of flagella.

Cell shape

The classification of the bacteria can be done by their shape.

• coccus: spherical shape
• bacillus: rod shape
• spirillum: have one or more twist
• vibrious: comma shape

Gram stain

1.Gram positive
-stain blue or violet
-simple cell walls with a lots of polipeptidoglycan
-purple or blue stain is trapped in cell wall
-less threatening pathogens
-eg: bacillus,clostridium,staphylococcus and streptococcus

2.gram negative
-more complex cell wall with less peptidoglycan
-blue dye wash out
-outer membrane cover cell wall
-more pathogenic
-lipopolysaccharides in outer membrane often toxic
-eg: salmonella,E.coli and azotobacteria





Position of flagella

the position of flagela can determine the classification of bacteria

1. peritrichous: the falgella grow around the body
2. monoatrichous: only one flagela
3. amphitrichous:have 2 flagella
4. atrichous: have no flagella
5. cephalotrichous: have flagella at only at one side
6. lopotrichous: have flagella grow on both ends

Importance

(a) Recycling chemical element in ecosystem
-control breakdown of plant and animal
- recyling orcarbon,phosporus and nitrogen fixation

(b) symbiotic relationship
-Enterobacteria eg: E.coli io human intestine

(c) pathogenic
-plant pathogenic bacteria
-agent of disease

(d) In research and technology
-manufacturing process: making soap powder,tanning leather
-medical research: easily cultured,making antibiotic,amino acid and enzyme

Biodiversity:kindom monera

Kindom monera can be classified into two classes

• eubacteria(true bacteria)
• archaebacteria(live in extreme condition)

eubacteria also can be classified into 2

• eubacteria

• cynobacteria

Eubacteria

-cell wall composed of peptidoglycan
-the structure of membrane lipid is ester and lipid
-the ribosome 70s is present
-it is sensitive to anti-biotic

Cynobacteria

-cell wall composed of poilysaccharide and protein
-the structure of membrane lipid is ether and lipid
-the ribosome 70s is absent
-not sensetif to anti-biotic


Archaebacteria (live in extrem condition)

-blue green algae
-exist in : single,filamentous or colonial
-live in ponds,lake, and most watery place
-some of it is photothrophs
-it is gram negative


Unique characteristic

-all are prokaryotic
-circular DNA
-have plasmid
-reproduce by prokaryotic fission
-chemoheterotrophic
(a) parasite: live in host,absorb other's nutrients
(b) saprobes: get nutrient from organic product,waste.

Importance

1.recycling chemical element
-nitrogen fixing

2.symbiotic relationship
-enterobacteria: E-coli in human intestine

3.pathogenic
-plant pathogenic bacteria
-agent of disease
eg; plasmodium cause malaria

4.In research and technology
-make soap powder,tanning leather
-medical research: easy to culture,make anti-biotic
eg: penicillium form penillin

Biodiversity(introdution)

Definition:
variability among living organism from all sources including terrestial,marine and other aquatic sp. and ecological complex of which they are apart.

Hierarchical classification:
(a) kingdom
(b) phylum(animal0)/division(plant)
(c) class
(d) order
(e) Family
(f) genus
(g) species



The classification of kindom is propose by R.H.Whittaker

• monera
• protista
• fungi
• plantae
• animalia